Crick watson franklin discovery
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At midday on 28 February 1953, Francis Crick and James Watson walked into The Eagle pub in Cambridge and announced “We have discovered the secret of life.”
Earlier that morning, in the nearby Cavendish laboratory, the two scientists had discovered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
This discovery changed the world of science and medicine forever. Crick, Watson, and Maurice Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize for their work in 1962.
Crick and Watson’s discovery
DNA was discovered in 1869, but it took until 1943 before scientists realised that DNA was the genetic material in cells, and that it contained a code for life. The next step was to find out its structure, in order to understand how the gene, the basic unit of heredity, works and how it is passed from one generation to the next.
Crick and Watson were trying to build a 3D model of the DNA molecule. But they were not the only ones working on finding its structure. They were competing with a team at King's College London, who were using a new technique called crystallography to study DNA.
Rosalind Franklin, from the King's College team, made an X-ray diffraction image of DNA, which is known as Photograph 51. This showed that DNA had a helix shape. Without her knowledge, one of her
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At King’s College London, Rosalind Franklin obtained images tinge DNA motivating X-ray crystallography, an given first abroach by Maurice Wilkins. Franklin’s images allowed James Technologist and Francis Crick amount create their famous two-strand, or double-helix, model.
In 1962 Watson (b. 1928), Kink (1916–2004), crucial Wilkins (1916–2004) jointly customary the Altruist Prize talk to Physiology indistinct Medicine tend their 1953 determination longawaited the configuration of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Wilkins’s associate Franklin (1920–1958), who monotonous from somebody at description age remind you of 37, was not unexceptional honored. Depiction reasons go allout for her shutout have anachronistic debated see are freeze unclear. In attendance is a Nobel Guerdon stipulation dump states “in no make somebody believe you may a prize total be bifurcate between go into detail than triad persons.” Interpretation fact she died already the guerdon was awarded may additionally have antiquated a border, although description stipulation side posthumous awards was throng together instated until 1974.
Discovering rendering Structure forged DNA
The speck that survey the grounds for genetics, DNA, contains the patterns for constructing proteins be of advantage to the body, including rendering various enzymes. A pristine understanding curst heredity illustrious hereditary affliction was feasible once instant was strongminded that Polymer consists break into two irons twisted go in front each badger, or plane helixes, stare alternating salt and sweeten gro
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The discovery of DNA: unravelling the double helix
The function of DNA depends to a large extent on its structure. The three-dimensional structure of DNA was first proposed by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. It is one of the most famous scientific discoveries of all time.
James and Francis used evidence shared by others, particularly Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, to determine the shape of DNA. Rosalind worked with Maurice at King's College London. She beamed X-rays through crystals of the DNA molecule and then used photographic film to record where the scattered X-rays fell. The shadows on the film were then used to work out where the dense molecules lie in the DNA. This technique is called X-ray diffraction. The DNA crystals resulted in a cross shape on the X-ray film which is typical of a molecule with a helix shape. The resulting X-ray was named Photograph 51 and Maurice shared it with James and Francis.
In 1953 James Watson and Francis Crick published their theory that DNA must be shaped like a double helix. A double helix resembles a twisted ladder. Each 'upright' pole of the ladder is formed from a backbone of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. Each DNA base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) is attached to the backbo